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1.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol ; 38(2): e2023015-0, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37933109

RESUMO

Triclosan (TCS) is a chemical compound, which has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. TCS is considered an endocrine-disrupting chemical, which has been shown to interfere with developmental, behavioral, and reproductive outcomes in biological models and cell cultures. However, implications about exposure to TCS and human infertility are rare. Thus, the main of this review is summarize the available evidence of the association between triclosan exposure on human infertility. For this, systematic review was conducted following the recommendations established in Report of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide (PRISMA). Initially, an electronic search in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Science direct was performed. The methodological quality of the included studies was verified through the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists. All selection and data extraction processes were carried out independently by two reviewers. The evidence was organized and presented using tables and narrative synthesis. There is lacking evidence about the association between triclosan and human infertility. Overall, no association between triclosan and infertility was found. However, semen quality and ovarian reserve are susceptible to triclosan exposure. Thus, future studies are still needed to better elucidate the associations between triclosan and infertility outcomes.

2.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 39(2): 167-173, 2022 04.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35856989

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus has continued to spread throughout the world where there are other endemic diseases that have been a burden to public health for many years. As any infection, it was expected there could be coinfection between these. Tropical and subtropical countries are currently managing with dengue as peaks increase with shorter periods of time. AIM: To summarize the evidence that exists in the co-infection related to SARS-CoV-2 and the dengue virus. METHOD: We conducted a narrative review in data bases about reports of coinfection and misdiagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus given the fact that rainy season every year increase the prevalence of viral infections in endemic countries. Recent reports have even described positive cases in one of these infections that later resulted in false positive. A positive test for COVID-19 or dengue fever in endemic areas should not exclude the other infection. CONCLUSION: From now on, these two should be considered as a differential diagnosis and this should raise public health concern for COVID-19 and dengue coinfection in endemic countries to reinforce promotion and prevention to communities to prevent these diseases.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Dengue , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(2): 167-173, abr. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388354

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El nuevo coronavirus ha continuado propagándose por todo el mundo donde existen otras enfermedades endémicas que han sido una carga para la salud pública durante muchos años. Como cualquier infección, se habría esperado encontrar en coinfección con algunas de éstas. Específicamente, los países tropicales y subtropicales han venido manejando la carga del dengue a medida que aumentan los picos con períodos de tiempo más cortos. OBJETIVO: Resumir la evidencia que existe en la coinfección relacionada con el SARS-CoV-2 y el virus del dengue. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una revisión narrativa en bases de datos sobre reportes de coinfección y diagnóstico erróneo de SARS-CoV-2 y el dengue dado que la temporada de lluvias cada año aumenta la prevalencia de infecciones virales en países endémicos. Informes recientes incluso han descrito casos positivos en uno de estas infecciones que luego resultaron en falso positivo. Una prueba positiva para COVID-19 o fiebre del dengue en áreas endémicas no debe excluir la otra infección. CONCLUSIÓN: A partir de ahora, estos dos deberían ser considerados como un diagnóstico diferencial y esto debe generar preocupación de salud pública por su coinfección en países endémicos para reforzar la promoción y prevención a las comunidades y mitigar estas enfermedades.


BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus has continued to spread throughout the world where there are other endemic diseases that have been a burden to public health for many years. As any infection, it was expected there could be coinfection between these. Tropical and subtropical countries are currently managing with dengue as peaks increase with shorter periods of time. AIM: To summarize the evidence that exists in the co-infection related to SARS-CoV-2 and the dengue virus. METHOD: We conducted a narrative review in data bases about reports of coinfection and misdiagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and dengue virus given the fact that rainy season every year increase the prevalence of viral infections in endemic countries. Recent reports have even described positive cases in one of these infections that later resulted in false positive. A positive test for COVID-19 or dengue fever in endemic areas should not exclude the other infection. CONCLUSION: From now on, these two should be considered as a differential diagnosis and this should raise public health concern for COVID-19 and dengue coinfection in endemic countries to reinforce promotion and prevention to communities to prevent these diseases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Erros de Diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2
4.
BMC Med Ethics ; 21(1): 122, 2020 11 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33239017

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Informed consent is an important factor in a child's moral structure from which different types of doctor-patient relationships arise. Children's autonomy is currently under discussion in terms of their decent treatment, beyond what doctors and researchers perceive. To describe the influential practices that exist among clinicians and researchers toward children with chronic diseases during the process of obtaining informed consent. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, qualitative study via a subjective and interpretivist approach. The study was performed by conducting semi-structured interviews of 21 clinicians and researchers. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21® and Atlas Ti version 7.0® programs. RESULTS: The deliberative and paternalistic models were influential practices in the physician-patient relationship. In the deliberative model, the child is expected to have a moral awareness of their care. The paternalistic model determined that submission was a way of structuring the child because he or she is considered to be a subject of extreme care. CONCLUSIONS: The differentiated objectification [educational] process recognizes the internal and external elements of the child. Informed consent proved to be an appropriate means for strengthening moral and structuring the child.


Assuntos
Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Princípios Morais , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Paternalismo , Relações Médico-Paciente
5.
Infectio ; 24(2): 114-127, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1114851

RESUMO

Intestinal coccidia have been classified as protozoa of the Apicomplex phylum, with the presence of an intracellular behavior and adaptation to the habit of the intestinal mucosa, related to several parasites that can cause enteric infections in humans, generating especially complications in immunocompetent patients and opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients. Alterations such as HIV/AIDS, cancer and immunosuppression. Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cystoisospora belli are frequently found in the species. Multiple cases have been reported in which their parasitic organisms are associated with varying degrees of infections in the host, generally characterized by gastrointestinal clinical manifestations that can be observed with diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, malaise and severe dehydration. Therefore, in this review a specific study of epidemiology has been conducted in relation to its distribution throughout the world and in Colombia, especially, global and national reports about the association of coccidia informed with HIV/AIDS. Proposed revision considering the needs of a consolidated study in parasitology, establishing clarifications from the transmission mechanisms, global and national epidemiological situation, impact at a clinical level related to immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, as well as a focus on public health in institutional government policies and scientific information based on the characterization of coccidia in the tropical region and Colombia.


Los coccidios intestinales se han clasificado como protozoos del Apicomplexa phylum, con presencia de un comportamiento intracelular y adaptación al hábito de la mucosa intestinal, relacionado con varios parásitos que pueden causar infecciones entéricas en los humanos, generando especialmente complicaciones en pacientes inmunocompetentes e infecciones oportunistas en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Alteraciones como el VIH/SIDA, cáncer e inmunosupresión con tratamientos farmacológicos. En las especies que se encuentran frecuentemente se encuentran Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis y Cystoisospora belli. Se han reportado múltiples casos en los que sus organismos parásitos se asocian a diversos grados de infecciones en el huésped, generalmente caracterizadas por manifestaciones clínicas gastrointestinales que pueden observarse con diarrea, vómitos, calambres abdominales, malestar general y deshidratación severa. Por lo tanto, en esta revisión se ha realizado un estudio específico de epidemiología con relación a su distribución en todo el mundo y en Colombia, especialmente, reportes a nivel global y nacional a cerca de la asociación de coccidios informados con el VIH/SIDA. Revisión propuesta con el objetivo de considerar las necesidades de un estudio consolidado a nivel del campo de la parasitología, evidenciando literatura actualizada, estableciendo información de los mecanismos de transmisión, situación epidemiológica global y nacional, impacto a nivel clínico relacionadas con individuos inmunocompetentes e inmunocomprometidos, así como un enfoque en salud pública en políticas gubernamentales institucionales y la información científica basada en la caracterización de coccidias en la región tropical y principalmente en Colombia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Coccídios , Parasitos , Saúde Pública , Epidemiologia , HIV , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Colômbia , Cryptosporidium , Cyclospora
6.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 115(6): 556-561, dic. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887395

RESUMO

Introducción. La erosión empática puede ser definida como la disminución brusca de los niveles de empatia que se manifiesta a partir de tercer año y persiste hasta el quinto curso. Según algunos autores, este proceso surge, normalmente, durante la formación médica y podría considerarse como un modelo de comportamiento empático. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue verificar si la erosión empática es un caso general en las facultades de Medicina examinadas y su relación con el género. Diseño. Exploratorio y de corte transversal. Población. Estudiantes de los cursos de primero a sexto año de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad del Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) y de primero a quinto en la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez (Colombia). Material y métodos. Se estimaron los niveles de empatía general y de cada componente mediante la escala de empatia médica de Jefferson en ambas facultades durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2016. El nivel de significación fue de a < 0, 05. Resultados. Universidad del Azuay: n= 278 (98% del total); mujeres= 112; hombres= 166; Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez: n= 756 (77, 86% del total); mujeres= 434; hombres= 322. El modelo de la erosión empática no se cumple de forma general ni en los propios componentes estudiados por género. Conclusiones. La erosión empática es un caso particular de varios modelos diferentes de la respuesta empática (y la de sus componentes). Los géneros no tienen la misma respuesta empática. Esta respuesta, bajo las condiciones estudiadas, tiene variabilidad.


Introduction. Empathy erosion may be defined as a sudden decline in the levels of empathy that occurs as of the third year of medical school and continues until the fifth year. According to some authors, this process is normal during medical training and may be considered a model of empathic behavior. The objective of this study was to verify whether empathy erosion is a general phenomenon in the schools of medicine included in the study and its relation to gender. Design. Exploratory, cross-sectional study. Population. Students from first through sixth year of the School of Medicine of Universidad del Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) and from first through fifth year of the School of Medicine of Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez (Colombia). Material and methods. The levels of overall empathy and of each component were estimated using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, which was administered in both schools during July and August of 2016. The significance level was established at a < 0.05. Results. Universidad del Azuay: n= 278 (98% of all students); women= 112; men= 166; Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez: n= 756 (77.86% of all students); women= 434; men= 322. The model of erosion of empathy is not fulfilled at the level of overall empathy or of each studied component according to gender. Conclusions. Empathy erosion is a specific element of several different models of empathic response (and of its components). Men and women do not have the same empathic response. Such response, in the studied conditions, is variable.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Faculdades de Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Fatores Sexuais , Empatia , Estudos Transversais , Análise de Variância , Colômbia , Equador , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Modelos Psicológicos
7.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 115(6): 556-561, 2017 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29087109

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Empathy erosion may be defined as a sudden decline in the levels of empathy that occurs as of the third year of medical school and continues until the fifth year. According to some authors, this process is normal during medical training and may be considered a model of empathic behavior. The objective of this study was to verify whether empathy erosion is a general phenomenon in the schools of medicine included in the study and its relation to gender. DESIGN: Exploratory, cross-sectional study. POPULATION: Students from first through sixth year of the School of Medicine of Universidad del Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) and from first through fifth year of the School of Medicine of Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez (Colombia). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The levels of overall empathy and of each component were estimated using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, which was administered in both schools during July and August of 2016. The significance level was established at α < 0.05. Results. Universidad del Azuay: n= 278 (98% of all students); women= 112; men= 166; Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez: n= 756 (77.86% of all students); women= 434; men= 322. The model of erosion of empathy is not fulfilled at the level of overall empathy or of each studied component according to gender. CONCLUSIONS: Empathy erosion is a specific element of several different models of empathic response (and of its components). Men and women do not have the same empathic response. Such response, in the studied conditions, is variable.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La erosión empática puede ser definida como la disminución brusca de los niveles de empatía que se manifiesta a partir de tercer año y persiste hasta el quinto curso. Según algunos autores, este proceso surge, normalmente, durante la formación médica y podría considerarse como un modelo de comportamiento empático. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue verificar si la erosión empática es un caso general en las facultades de Medicina examinadas y su relación con el género. DISEÑO: Exploratorio y de corte transversal. POBLACIÓN: Estudiantes de los cursos de primero a sexto año de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad del Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) y de primero a quinto en la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez (Colombia). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se estimaron los niveles de empatía general y de cada componente mediante la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson en ambas facultades durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2016. El nivel de significación fue de α < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Universidad del Azuay: n= 278 (98% del total); mujeres= 112; hombres= 166; Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez: n= 756 (77,86% del total); mujeres= 434; hombres= 322. El modelo de la erosión empática no se cumple de forma general ni en los propios componentes estudiados por género. CONCLUSIONES: La erosión empática es un caso particular de varios modelos diferentes de la respuesta empática (y la de sus componentes). Los géneros no tienen la misma respuesta empática. Esta respuesta, bajo las condiciones estudiadas, tiene variabilidad.


Assuntos
Empatia , Faculdades de Medicina , Fatores Sexuais , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Análise de Variância , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Equador , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos
8.
Biociencias ; 11(1): 105-111, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-969165

RESUMO

Las evidencias que apoyan la hiperglucemia crónica como causante de una serie de complicaciones macro y mi-crovasculares son abrumadoras. Las alteraciones fisiopatológicas que se derivan de esta patología van más allá del significado de niveles elevados de glucosa, como consecuencia de una secreción adecuada de insulina o una resistencia de los tejidos al ingreso de glucosa a las células. Las consecuencias de estos niveles elevados de glucosa por tiempo prolongado, en última instancia conducen a la glicación de las proteínas, cuyas consecuencias es un funcionamiento deficiente, además de la formación de productos finales de glicación avanzada. La evaluación de la hemoglobina glicosilada, o la albumina glicada son indicadoras del tiempo que llevan las proteínas expuestas a altas concentraciones de glucosa o al estado glicémico del paciente, pero también intervienen en complicaciones a largo plazo como la nefropatía diabética. La consecuencia de estas proteínas glicadas y la formación de produc-tos avanzados de glicación es el mal funcionamiento de órganos vitales, envejecimiento y desarrollo de enferme-dades degenerativas como el Alzheimer.


The evidence supporting chronic hyperglycemia as the cause of a series of macro and microvascularcomplications are devastating. Pathophysiologic changes that result from this condition go beyond the meaning of high levels of glucose, as a result of inadequate insulin secretion or tissue resistance to the entry of glucose into cells. The consequences of these high glucose levels for prolonged periods, ultimately lead to the glycation of proteins, the consequences of a malfunction, in addition to the formation of advanced glycation end products. The evaluation of glycated hemoglobin, glycated albumin or time are indicative proteins bearing exposed to high concentrations of glucose or glycemic condition of the patient, but also involved in long-term complications as diabetic nephrop-athy. The consequence of these glycated proteins and the formation of advanced glycation end products are the malfunction of vital organs aging and development of degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's


Assuntos
Humanos , Patologia , Proteínas , Diabetes Mellitus
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